La ideología del carnismo

[RespuestasVeganas.Org]

La ideología del carnismo

El carnismo es un sistema de creencias, o ideología, que condiciona a las personas a comer ciertos animales. El carnismo es esencialmente opuesto al vegetarianismo y al veganismo; "carn" significa "carne" o "de la carne", e "ismo" denota un sistema de creencias. La mayoría de las personas ve el hecho de comer carne como algo dado en vez de considerarlo una elección. En las culturas que comen carne alrededor del mundo, la gente no piensa en por qué consideran asquerosa la carne de algunos animales y la de otros, apetitosa; como tampoco piensan por qué comen animales. Pero cuando comer animales no es una necesidad para la sobrevivencia, que es el caso de la mayoría de mundo hoy en día; es una elección -y las elecciones siempre provienen de un sistema de creencias.

Reconocemos que NO comer animales también es un sistema de creencias; el vegetarianismo como tal fue denominado y nombrado hace siglos. No nos referimos a los vegetarianos como "comedores de plantas", porque entendemos que comer plantas refleja una ideología subyacente en la que consumir animales es considerado poco ético e inapropiado. Por el contrario, aún nos referimos a los "no vegetarianos" como "comedores de carne", como si el acto de comer carne estuviera divorciado de un sistema de creencias, como si los vegetarianos fueran los únicos que traen sus creencias a la mesa. Sin embargo, la razón por la que la mayoría de las personas come cerdo y no perro, por ejemplo, es porque están escogiendo dentro de un sistema de creencias cuando comen animales.

“No vemos comer carne como vemos al vegetarianismo –como una elección, basada en una serie de asunciones acerca de los animales, nuestro mundo, y nosotros. Mejor dicho, lo vemos como algo “natural”, la forma en que siempre han sido las cosas y la forma en que siempre serán. Comemos animales sin pensar en lo que estamos haciendo ni por qué, porque el sistema de creencias que sostiene esta conducta es invisible. Este sistema invisible de creencias es lo que llamo carnismo.

Carnismo es el sistema de creencias en el que comer ciertos animales se considera ético y apropiado. Los carnistas –personas que comen carne- no son lo mismo que carnívoros. Los carnívoros son animales que dependen de la carne para su supervivencia.

Los carnistas tampoco son meramente omnívoros. Un omnívoro es un animal –humano o no-humano- que tiene la habilidad fisiológica para ingerir plantas y carne. Pero, así como “carnívoro”, “omnívoro” es un término que describe la constitución biológica de uno, no muestra elección filosófica. Los carnistas comen carne no porque la necesitan, sino porque escogen hacerlo, y las elecciones siempre provienen de creencias.

La invisibilidad del carnismo explica por qué las elecciones no aparentan ser elecciones del todo. ¿Pero por qué el carnismo ha permanecido invisible? ¿Por qué no le hemos puesto siquiera un nombre? Hay una buena razón para esto. Es porque el carnismo es un sistema de creencias de un tipo muy particular, una ideología, además es una ideología de un tipo particular, una que es especialmente resistente al escrutinio.“ Melanie Joy, Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows: An Introduction to Carnism

http://ecosofia.org/2011/07/carnismo...efendible.html


Más información sobre Melanie Joy: http://www.respuestasveganas.org/201...lanie-joy.html

[sunwukung]

y me pregunto, los leones son carnistas?

[Snickers]

y me pregunto, los leones son carnistas?

Al menos Little Tyke no lo fue

http://godsdirectcontact.us/sm21/snews/148/veg1.htm

En una sección relacionada del libro del Viejo Testamento de Isaías (11:7), el profeta predice que vendrá una época en que el león comerá paja como un buey y se echara como un ternero. En apoyo a esta predicción, una verdadera historia acerca de un león vegetariano puede hallarse en Internet en http://www.vegetarismus.ch/vegepet/tyke.htm. es sobre la pequeña leona Tyke que vivía en Hidden Valley Ranch en California donde George y Margaret Westbeau la cuidaban.
La leona insistía en alimentarse con comida vegetariana, pero los Westbeaus intentaron alimentar a la pequeña Tyke con carne durante cuatro años porque las evidencias científicas indicaban que los leones mueren si no quieren comer carne. Aun así la leona se desarrollaba con su dieta vegetariana. De hecho, tenía un estado físico como nunca nadie había visto.

Los Westbeaus finalmente aceptaron el vegetarianismo de la Pequeña Tyke cuando un visitante le recordó a George el Génesis 1:30, donde Dios dice que cada animal está para comer todas las hierbas verdes como comida. La leona se ha vuelto tan gentil que toda clase de criaturas podían estar con ella, incluyendo “la más peligrosa de todas las especies: el Homo Sapiens”.

Fuente: Daily Nation, Kenya, 7 de enero del 2002 Una historia parecida se puede encontrar en Internet acerca de una Leona, llamada Kamuniak (‘la bendecida’) por los cuidadores del parque de Kenya, que pasaba sus días cuidando y protegiendo a un pequeño antílope, ahuyentando a las hienas, chacales y otros depredadores y tratando al ternero, como si fuese una cría de león echándose a su lado en a hierba. Era una sorpresa en la Kenya silvestre ver a una leona adoptar una cría de antílope y los dos caminaban uno al lado del otro en paz, cumpliendo la profecía bíblica “El cordero y el león descansarán juntos”.

Estas dos historias alejan el mito de que los carnívoros deben comer carne para sobrevivir y también muestran que sorprendentemente la dieta recomendada para los seres humanos en el Génesis es apropiada incluso para los leones.

Rosen también deja implícito que el profeta Mahoma era un vegetariano e hizo concesiones para sus seguidores que comían carne “quienes no estaban listos para ese nivel de entendimiento espiritual”. También, en el sufismo, la rama mística del Islam, muchas historias resaltan los beneficios de ser compasivos con todas las criaturas de Dios. En una se da cuenta de una santa mujer sufi que está rodeada por animales y es sorprendida por otro sufi. Cuando los animales huyen al acercarse él, le pregunta a la santa porqué se dispersan. Entonces ella le pregunta que ha comido él recientemente; cuando le dice que comió cebollas cocinadas en grasa, la santa le explica: “¡Te comiste su grasa! ¿Por qué no habrían de escapar de ti?” ( Nota: Dieta para la trascendencia, p. 63)

Además, muchas escrituras hindúes promueven una dieta vegetariana, pero esta cita del Mahabharata (una de las épicas mitológicas más grandiosas) parece describir de la mejor manera el proceso de comer carne: “El comprador de carne ejecuta himsa (violencia) por su riqueza, el que come carne lo hace porque disfruta el sabor, el encargado de la matanza hace himsa al atar y matar el animal. Así, hay tres formas de matanza”.

Otra historia de Internet es sobre los trabajadores de las carnicerías al tomarse un descanso para almorzar, uno de los corderos destinados a morir en el lugar escapa del corral y camina para unirse a los hombres. El cordero comienza a mordisquear la lechuga de sus emparedados y los endurecidos hombres comienzan a mimar al animal, rápidamente descubren que es imposible matarlo. Así que hacen que el cordero se pierda, demostrando que cuando uno tiene contacto personal con un animal, es extremadamente difícil matarlo. Aunque una persona haya matado cientos de veces, el intercambio personal con una criatura amorosa puede estimular la compasión.

__________________________________________________ ________

Eso Zen ya lo sabe

http://www.meneame.net/story/little-...na-vegetariana

[Snickers]

http://www.vegetarismus.ch/vegepet/tyke.htm
Little Tyke

Vegetarian Lioness: Little Tyke


Little Tyke turning away her head from meat (and wincing).
At four years old, the mature African lioness weighed 352 pounds. Her body stretched 10 feet 4 inches long and could run 40 miles per hour. Her skull, highly adapted to killing and eating prey, possessed short powerful jaws. Normally, African lions eat gnus, zebras, gazelles, impalas, and giraffes. This particular big cat, in her prime and perfect health, chose a more gentle way of life, vegetarian!
A Violent Birth

Georges and Margaret Westbeau, standing outside the thick steel bars of the cage, watched nervously. Inside, a vicious, raging beast baring razor claws and glistening fangs, roared. Flinging herself at the couple, who watched from barely three feet away, her suffering amber eyes defied their presence.
Always, in the past, this lioness destroyed her offspring as soon as they were born. Four times in the last seven years, her powerful jaws had crushed her newborn cubs, furiously throwing them against her cage's bars where they tumbled, lifeless.
Denying the normal instincts of motherhood, what possessed this lioness? Her life mocked its former freedom. She lived a caged animal, taken from the wild and tortured by those who captured her. Did she feel that by destroying her cubs they would be spared the humiliation that she endured?
Suddenly, the newborn cub came flying towards the people anxiously watching. Georges quickly grabbed the cub through the bars before it could be killed. Its right front leg dangled helplessly from its mother's brutal jaws. In the face of such fury the only thing the human could say was, 'You poor little tike'.
The Westbeaus took the three-pound 'Little Tyke' to their Hidden Valley Ranch near Seattle and there it joined the menagerie of other animals including horses, cattle, and chickens. Curious peacocks lined the housetop, kittens peered through a picket fence, and two terriers danced with joy for the new addition to the household.
Drinking bottles of warm milk, Little Tyke began the long road to recovery.
Mysterious reaction

With the advice of experts the Westbeaus began weaning Little Tyke onto solid food at three months. Leaving only a favorite doll, they removed most of her rubber toys, replacing them with bones from freshly slaughtered beef. They carried the small cub to the bones. Unexpectedly, she violently threw up!
Experts told them in no uncertain terms that lions couldn't live without meat. In the wild, lions ate only flesh - eleven pounds a day for an adult female. Alarmed at Little Tyke's strange behavior, they wondered at how they could introduce meat into her diet? In the meantime, they continued feeding Little Tyke baby cereal mixed with milk.
A well meaning friend suggested mixing beef blood with milk, in increasing proportions. Given milk containing ten drops of blood, Little Tyke would have nothing to do with it. They mixed in five drops of blood, and hid that bottle. As she sucked on the plain milk they quickly switched bottles. Again she refused it. In desperation they added one drop of blood to a full bottle of milk, but Little Tyke refused this bottle as well, and they could only stare in amazement.
Another friend suggested putting plain milk in one hand, and milk mixed with hamburger in the palm of the other hand. Little Tyke readily licked the milk from one hand, but when Georges changed hands, she immediately turned away. Sensing her distress, Georges wiped his hands on a nearby towel and picked her up. Hissing in fear and cringing away, she looked sick from the danger-smell of meat on his hand. She only settled down when given a fresh bottle of milk held in washed hands.
Thousand-dollar reward

At nine months old and weighing sixty-five pounds, Little Tyke had the splints and bandages on her leg taken off for the last time. She slowly learned to depend on the healed leg, and mingled with other animals on the ranch.
Since the ranch didn't earn enough income to make ends meet, the Westbeaus ran a small cold storage plant in town. Little Tyke came with them when they went to work and word got around about this vegetarian lioness. When she was four years old, the Westbeaus advertised a thousand dollar reward for anyone who could devise a method tricking Little Tyke into eating meat. Numerous plans met with failure since Little Tyke refused to have anything to do with flesh.
The answer

The caretakers of this gentle animal sought out animal experts, always asking them about diet. Finally, one young visitor set their mind at ease. With serious eyes he turned to them and asked, 'Don't you read your Bible? Read Genisis 1:30, and you will get your answer.' At his first opportunity Georges read in astonishment, 'And to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to everything that creepeth upon the earth, wherein there is life, I have given every green herb for meat: and it was so.' At that point, after four years, the Westbeaus finally stopped worrying.
Little Tyke's meals

A typical meal consisted of various grains, chosen for their protein, calcium, fats, and roughage. Margaret always cooked a few days' supply ahead of time. At feeding time, a double handful of the cooked grains along with one-half gallon of milk with two eggs, supplied Little Tyke a delicious meal. She had one condition before eating. Her favorite rubber doll had to be right next to her!


Little Tyke with Becky For teeth and gums, the Westbeaus supplied rubber boots, since she refused bones. They attracted her to the boots by sprinkling them with perfume. One boot lasted almost a month.
Little Tyke had many close animal friends. Her favorites were Pinky (a kitten), Imp (another kitten), Becky (a lamb) and Baby (a fawn). Her favorite and closest friend, however, was Becky, who preferred Little Tyke's company to any of the other animals.
National publicity

You Asked For It, the popular television show hosted by Art Baker, once featured Little Tyke. The producers wanted a scene with chickens, which didn't bother Georges since Little Tyke roamed easily among chickens at Hidden Valley Ranch. When the film crew brought the chickens in, they turned out to be four little day-old chicks!
Slurp of the tongue

Little Tyke's only previous experience with new chicks had been with a hen and her chicks who had wandered onto the lawns around their home on the ranch. Georges thought nothing of it until he saw Little Tyke acting peculiarly, slinking into the house, and looking guilty with lips tightly closed over obviously open jaws. He called 'Tyke! What have you got?' Instantly her mouth opened and a little chick popped out, unharmed. Flapping it's little down-covered wings, it almost flew back to its upset mother. Apparently Little Tyke had affectionately licked the tiny chick, as she was prone to do when, with one huge slurp of the tongue, the little chick had popped into her mouth, and she hadn't known how to fondle it further!
With the amazed camera crew filming, Little Tyke strode over to the chicks, hesitated long enough to lick the chicks carefully and gently with the very tip of her tongue, and moved away with a yawn. A moment later she came back to lie down among the chicks. They immediately made their way into the long silky hair at the base of her great neck where they peered out from the shelter of their great protector.
Another scene saw a new kitten, after an introduction, walk over to Little Tyke's huge foreleg and sit down. Little Tyke crooked one paw around the tiny creature and cuddled it closer.
In front of cameras, Art Baker picked up the Bible and read: 'The wolf and the lamb shall feed together, and the lion shall eat straw like the bullock.'
Mail poured into the producers, making this episode one of the most popular in the show's history.
Little Tyke's death

Unfortunately, while spending three weeks in Hollywood for the show, Little Tyke contracted virus pneumonia, a disease that took her life a few weeks later. The sudden change in climate may have been a contributing factor. She succumbed quietly in her sleep, retiring early after watching television.

[Snickers]

Inspiring to this day

Her life is over, but her teachings live on. Of the many lessons she taught, not the least is that love removes fear and savagery. Little Tyke reflected the love and care shown to her after the first few moments of her precarious birth.
Thousands saw photographs of her lying with her lamb friend, Becky, inspiring many to see the world a fresh way: two such diverse natures enjoying each other's love! One eminent attorney kept a huge enlargement of this photograph in his office, and pointed to it as he counciled couples on the verge of divorce.
Scientific dilemma

Science is at a loss when it comes to Little Tyke. Felines are the strictest of carnivores. Without flesh she should have developed blindness, as well as dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a degenerative disease that turns heart muscles flabby and limits their ability to pump blood. This is because her diet didn't contain an adequate source of the amino acid, taurine.
Little known in the 1950's, subsequent research at UC Davis in 1976 proved that taurine is an essential nutrient for felines, the lack of which would cause degeneration of the retina. later research implicated inadequate taurine levels in dilated cardiomyopathy as well. For cats with DCM, if the disease has not progressed too far, administering taurine causes an almost miraculous recovery. Formerly, cats lived only a few days to weeks after diagnose.
Taurine is non-existent in natural non-animal sources. It is present in minute amounts in milk and eggs. Little Tyke could have gotten her taurine requirement from milk, if she drank 500 gallons per day, or from eggs, if she ate more than 4000 per day. How did Little Tyke get taurine?
Challenge

Perhaps even more important, why did Little Tyke disown her species' instincts? Little Tyke is a curiosity to the public, aberation to zoologists, anomaly to scientists, and an inspiration to idealists.
Little Tyke wasn't alone. A photograph taken at Allahabad, India in 1936 shows another awesome lioness.
In Autobiography of a Yogi, Paramahansa Yogananda wrote:
...Our group left the peaceful hermitage to greet a near-by swami, Krishnananda, a handsome monk with rosy cheeks and impressive shoulders. Reclining near him was a tame lioness. Succumbing to the monk's spiritual charm - not, I am sure, to his powerful physique! - the jungle animal refuses all meat in favor of rice and milk. The swami has taught the tawny-haired beast to utter "Aum" in a deep, attractive growl - a cat devotee!
These vegetarian lionesses are lion lights. By example, these luminaries invite us as well to discover a less violent world, turning away from slaughterhouses that fed our dogs and cats prior to this age of enlightenment.
The article is from the book "Vegetarian Cats & Dogs" by James A. Peden.
There's also a book about Little Tyke, titled "Little Tyke" by Georges Westbeau available from the Theosophical Society in England, Phone (800) 669 9425.

This text is also available in german.
See also:
Vegetarian cat-food (in German).
THE LION WHO LAY DOWN WITH THE LAMB: The True Story Of A Vegetarian Lion
Vegetarian Lioness

[sunwukung]

jeje, ya conocía esa historia, pero esa leona, no murió precisamente por no comer carne? Supongo que no la suplementaban. Ese caso es otro más que muestra que la conscienci no es lo mismo que el cuerpo ni está generado por el cerebro, un comportamiento en contra de la supervivencia del organismo es paradójico con los axiomas de la vida.

Me refiero que si una ideología no se desprende totalmente de la salud (integral) tiene los pies de barro y los días contados, imho.

[Reznor]

Estaba mirando si alguien habia posteado el tema del carnismo. Me parece curioso que tan poca gente se haya pronunciado ante un tema como este. Desde que conozco el concepto uso este término, ya que me parece el más adecuado para describir el modo de alimentarse del humano que come carne.

Por otra parte, considero que llamar a un ser humano carnivoro, es un error. Ya que anatómicamente y fisiológicamente somos omnívoros (tenemos capacidad de comer animales y vegetales). Carnívoro seria quien se alimenta solamente de carne, al igual que herbivoro es quien se alimenta de hierba.

El vegetarianismo y el veganismo al fin y al cabo son un sistema de creencias, al igual que el carnismo. Por eso opino que se deberia empezar a usar este término.

¿Qué opinais vosotros? Aquí un libro sobre el tema que proximamente estará en Español.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mG15KPK7ml4