Ingredientes en piensos de animales. Taurina

[Mad doctor]

Por qué es el pescado peligroso para los gatos?

Why Fish is Dangerous for Cats

By Jean Hofve, DVM

A lot of cats love fish, but it's really not a good idea to feed it to your cat! Why not?

* The fish used in canned pet foods usually includes bonesand are high in phosphorus and magnesium, which can be an issue in cats with a history of urinary tract disorders or kidney disease. In practice I have seen quite a few cats develop urinary tract infections and blockages if they eat much fish--even boneless fish.
* Many cats are sensitive or even allergic to fish; it is one of the top 3 most common food allergens.
* Fish-based foods have high levels of histamine, a protein involved in allergic reactions.
* Fish tends to be "addictive" to cats. They love it, and will often stage a "hunger strike" by refusing their regular food in favor of fish. Tuna or other fish should be reserved as a rare and special treat. Feed fish no more than once a week, and even then in very small amounts only.
* There is a known link between the feeding of fish-based canned cat foods and the development of hyperthyroidism in older cats.
* Fish may not be safe to feed to cats. Predatory fish at the top of the food chain, such as tuna and salmon, may contain very elevated levels of heavy metals (including mercury) as well as PCBs, pesticides, and other toxins. Tilefish (listed on pet food labels as "ocean whitefish") are among the worst contaminated, along with king mackerel, shark, and swordfish. These fish are so toxic that the FDA advises that women of child-bearing age and children should avoid them entirely'; and they recommend only 1 serving of albacore tuna per week due to its high mercury levels. If these fish are dangerous to children, cats are at even more risk!
* The vast majority of salmon today comes from factory-farmed fish. These unfortunate animals are kept in overcrowded pens in polluted coastal waters. They're fed anti-fungals, antibiotics, and brightly-colored dyes to make their flesh "salmon colored"--it is naturally gray. Common water pollutants such as PCBs, pesticides, and other chemicals are present in farmed salmon at 10 times the amount found in wild fish. These contaminants will be present in any product made with farmed fish, including cat and dog food.
* Farmed salmon who escape their pens (and they do) outcompete and interbreed with wild salmon, as well as transmit diseases. A 2006 study confirms that salmon farms are "massive breeding grounds" for sea lice. Under natural conditions, wild adult fish carrying these parasites are not in migration channels at the same time as the defenseless, inch-long baby salmon, so infestation of the young fish is not a problem. But today, in waters near some fish farms, up to 95% of baby salmon are fatally infested. It is feared that that farmed salmon from nearly 300 fish factories in North America may ultimately decimate the wild population in the Atlantic.
* "Organic" salmon is also farm-raised, and does not have to comply with USDA organic standards. In fact, there is no regulatory agency in the United States that sets organic standards for fish. The contaminant level of organic farmed salmon may be just as high as that of conventional farmed salmon.
* The meat is toxic and the industry is environmentally destructive--need we say more?

In general, the small amounts of "fish meal" included as a flavoring and/or source of omega-3 fatty acids in cat foods are not a problem, but fish should not be a mainstay of any cat's diet. Fish should be limited to an occasional--and small--treat.

Resumen: Un poco esporádicamente vale, pero basar la dieta de un gato en el pescado es nefasto.

[Crisha]

Just, insisto, entonces el problema es que no están bien formulados, no que sean veganos o no.
Sin meternos después en qué cree cada uno que debe darle a sus animales, por motivos X o Y.
Creo, entonces, que sería más adecuado centrar el debate en si los piensos actualmente en mercado, con los conocimientos actuales de nutrición animal, son adecuados o no, pues son las verdaderas opciones que tienen los compradores.

Cualquier estudio sobre dieta vegana en animales, especialmente gatos, creo que sería representativo si cubriese periodos de años, más que de meses.
Del estudio de gatos y sus familias, recuerdo que hablamos, sí. Y sigo pensando que estos estudios retrospectivos que incluyen a las familias tienen el riesgo de sesgo, pues si no recuerdo mal, se habían realizado encuestas por internet, o algo así; por lo que eran familias de un cierto nivel, con una cierta tendencia, etc. etc.
No estoy diciendo que el estudio sea malo, ni que los datos de Just sean mejores;
De hehco, me reitero en que considero que la situación está dividida, y que incluso las asociaciones vegetarianas no tienen una respuesta única.

De todos modos, me encantaría a mí saber si alguna vez se llegó a un debate encarnizado sobre si hills sí o eukanuba no Me temo que entonces fue más ensayo y error. Le va bien, se lo doy, le va mal, se lo retiro...

[Mad doctor]

Peligros de una dieta demasiado alta en proteínas para gatos:

1993: DiBartola S P; Buffington C A; Chew D J; McLoughlin M A; Sparks R A
Development of chronic renal disease in cats fed a commercial diet.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 1993;202(5):744-51.

Chronic renal failure was observed in 10 young adult client-owned cats that had been fed 1 commercial cat food exclusively since weaning. The diet contained 40% protein and 0.32% potassium on a dry matter basis, and phosphoric acid was added during production. We attempted to determine whether exclusive feeding of this diet would induce clinical and laboratory evidence of renal dysfunction in clinically normal adult cats. Over a 2-year study, 3 of 9 of these cats developed clinical and laboratory evidence of renal dysfunction and renal lesions. Two additional cats developed renal lesions, but had normal laboratory values. The renal lesions consisted of lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis and interstitial fibrosis. We concluded that chronic renal disease may develop in clinically normal adult cats fed diets high in protein and acid content, but marginally replete in potassium.

Orijen:

GUARANTEED ANALYSIS

Crude Protein (min.) 40.0%
Crude Fat (min.) 20.0%
Crude Fiber (max.) 2.5%
Moisture (max.) 10.0%
Calcium (min.) 1.5%
Calcium (max.) 1.7%
Phosphorus (min.) 1.4%
Phosphorus (max.) 1.6%
*Omega-6 (min.) 2.5%


Contenido protéico de Orijen: curiosamente 40% (vamos que entre la tiaminasa, la taurina no biodisponible y el excesod e proteína...)

[JustVegetal]

Lo que yo creo es que lo de Vegan-Cats es para pensárselo y muy bien, y darle la máxima difusión, que no porque formemos barullo y neguemos estamos haciendo lo correcto. Los gatos enferman y se mueren con la dieta vegana, si eso no pasase Vegan-Cats nos cantaría otra copla, así de claro, y mientras los chavales y chavalas veganos se arruinan comprando piensos veganos y más todavía después pagando veterinarios, que si análisis, que si hospitalizaciones.

Ellos lo hacen para que no les caígan reclamaciones y juicios, que a los americanos les matas al gato y te la lían pero bien. Que de hecho ninguna de esas croquetas dice que sirven para todo y toda la vida.

Sin contar el coste emocional.

¿Quien se ha empeñado en fabricar y vender un pienso no apto para los gatos?

¿Quien ha hecho creer a la gente que con un saco de bolas de maíz o de trigo, subproductos vegetales y aditivos sintéticos, un gato puede vivir toda la vida?

¿Por qué Vegan-Cats dice ahora que los gatos coman partes cárnicas?

¿Por qué no aceptamos que es mejor adoptar perros u otros animales omnívoros o vegetarianos, cuando nos causa un dilema moral tan grande alimentar a un carnívoro estricto?

Los que para algunos son gatos indeterminados, para otros son compañeros muy queridos, a los que no queremos ver sufrir y morir innecesariamente.

[Mad doctor]

Más peligros del exceso de pescado para gatos (piensos holísticos), además, de la posible taurina o biodisponible, el exceso proteico, y la tiaminasa.

Las grasas poliinsaturadas del pescado afección hepática y deficiencia de vitamina E inducida.

Besides high concentrations of mercury in the fish, it can also cause your cat to develop Yellow Fat Disease.

Canned tuna or any oily fish should only be fed to cats in small amounts and on rare occasions. A little tuna treat once in awhile will not harm your cat, but too much, too often can cause your cat can develop a disease called Yellow Fat Disease (Steatitis). This is an extremely painful disease that comes from a deficiency of Vitamin E. It is the result of a diet that is high in unsaturated fatty acid and the culprit is usually tuna.

If you have cats, you know just how much they love this special treat. In fact, some cats can become so addicted to tuna that they refuse to eat anything else. These cats are literally called "tuna junkie", a term that describes cats with this addiction. A steady diet of fish is harmful and can be deadly for your cat.

Cats need Vitamin E, which is an antioxidant. Tuna isn't a good source of Vitamin E and has too much unsaturated fat. The fat will oxidize and actually destroy Vitamin E which will then begin to damage the cat's body fat. Yellow Fat Disease is a painful inflammatory disease that is a result of a deficiency of Vitamin E in a cat's system.

Tuna flavored cat food does not play any role in Yellow Fat Disease. Tuna cat food has other meats and essential vitamins and minerals cats need and isn't pure tuna.

Oily fish, especially red tuna, is extremely high in unsaturated fatty acids, and actually harms your cat in two different ways. The first is that Vitamin E is an essential and very important antioxidant that your cat needs and tuna is very low in this vitamin; and high levels of unsaturated fats also work to destroy and de-oxidize Vitamin E.

As a result, your cat is not getting enough of the vitamin, what it is getting is literally being destroyed by these high levels of unsaturated fats. Tuna flavored cat food does not harm your cat as it is not pure tuna. It is a combination of other meats and additives that are formulated especially for cats.

Vitamin E Deficiency:

Vitamin E is a fat soluble vitamin and foods rich in this vitamin are plant oils that are found in safflower and wheat germ. This vitamin plays a critical role in your cat in the formation of cell membranes, cell respiration, but more importantly in the metabolism of fat. It also acts as an antioxidant and protects various hormones in your cat's body from oxidation.

When your cat develops a deficiency of this vitamin, it is believed that it results in lipid peroxidation as well as a deposition of ceroid pigment in the adipose tissue. The adipose tissue is a type of a connective tissue in your cat that is made especially for the storage of neutral fats, or lipids.

They have names that are reflective of their actual physical appearance such as white fat, which can be yellowish in tint, or brown fat. A deficiency of Vitamin E also can cause cellular damage in skeletal muscle, as well as the heart, testes, liver and nerves. It is a very deadly situation for your cat.

Brown Bowel Syndrome is also a deficiency of Vitamin E and is found in both cats as well as dogs. With this disease, your pets bowels will be severely affected which could cause them to ulcerate, hemorrhage, or degenerate very rapidly. It also can affect the cells of your cat's eyes and the testes.

However, in cats the primary form of a vitamin E deficiency is Yellow fat disease where the fat in your cat does not metabolize properly.

Symptoms:

The first symptoms you will see will be your cats coat turning both very greasy and dull; and both seem to happen almost overnight as it can hit that rapidly. They will also be anorexic just as fast but the reason is not that they are suddenly picky or have no appetite; it will most likely caused by the severe pain that they are in.

They will also develop a very high fever and it will be very difficult for you to even touch them or take their temperature. They will by now be in severe pain and will have an extreme reluctance to be touched or even to move as this disease is causing them a great deal of pain. Yellow fat disease is most common in young, overweight cats, and affects either sex the same.

Treatments:

Treatments for Yellow fat disease will be fairly straight-forward. You will need to immediately eliminate canned tuna from your cat's diet; it is killing them. Then you will need to supplement them immediately with vitamin E.
Dr. Wendell Belfield, DVM, in several of his publications has recommended 1200 IU per day of vitamin E supplements until this disease is cured.

You may also have to force fed your cat until they regain their strength back. However, there are also other treatments as several veterinarians may recommend using corticosteroids. Corticosteroids are some of the most beneficial medications in medicine today, but they are also very controversial.

Some people will go to their veterinarian on a regular basis for this type of treatment while other may become extremely angry at the mere mention of using this type of treatment. However, they are alternatives and can assist in almost any type of condition.

Cortisol plays an important part in controlling the salt and water balance in your cat's body, as well as regulating carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. When your cat's body becomes stressed, it releases a compound known as ACTH from your pet's pituitary gland in their brain. This compound than stimulates adrenals that produce cortisol

As a result, they help the immune system by blocking the substances that trigger allergic and inflammatory reaction. However, there is a drawback to these drugs, as they impede the basic functions of your cat's white blood cells which are designed to attack and destroy these foreign bodies and keep the immune system functioning properly.

This interference of the white blood cells puts your cat at an increased risk of being subject to several types of infections.

[JustVegetal]

Just, insisto, entonces el problema es que no están bien formulados, no que sean veganos o no.
Sin meternos después en qué cree cada uno que debe darle a sus animales, por motivos X o Y.
Creo, entonces, que sería más adecuado centrar el debate en si los piensos actualmente en mercado, con los conocimientos actuales de nutrición animal, son adecuados o no, pues son las verdaderas opciones que tienen los compradores.

Cualquier estudio sobre dieta vegana en animales, especialmente gatos, creo que sería representativo si cubriese periodos de años, más que de meses.
Del estudio de gatos y sus familias, recuerdo que hablamos, sí. Y sigo pensando que estos estudios retrospectivos que incluyen a las familias tienen el riesgo de sesgo, pues si no recuerdo mal, se habían realizado encuestas por internet, o algo así; por lo que eran familias de un cierto nivel, con una cierta tendencia, etc. etc.
No estoy diciendo que el estudio sea malo, ni que los datos de Just sean mejores;
De hehco, me reitero en que considero que la situación está dividida, y que incluso las asociaciones vegetarianas no tienen una respuesta única.

De todos modos, me encantaría a mí saber si alguna vez se llegó a un debate encarnizado sobre si hills sí o eukanuba no Me temo que entonces fue más ensayo y error. Le va bien, se lo doy, le va mal, se lo retiro...

Pero si ya los de Vegan-Cats que los venden reconocen que no son adecuados y aconsejan mezclarlos con carne, en proporciones a veces muy superiores a los piensos de mercado.
Y ellos son veganos con montones de información sobre dueños y animales veganos. Tienen montones de clientes.
Pero ¿Has leído el resumen de la FAQ de ellos?
Para los perros dicen que sí, y para las gatas hembras por lo visto es más posible que para los machos.
Y Vegan-Action igual, ya no aconseja veganizar gatos, aunque sí perros.

[Mad doctor]

Vegan-Cats no dicen que no sean adecuados, dicen que es posible perfectamente:

I don't want my cats to eat ANY meat. Is such a thing possible?

Yes, of course it is. There are literally thousands of 100% vegan cats out there and most of them do fine. Females, as mentioned above, can usually be given a 100% vegan diet with no problem. And so can many males. However, we really need to stress that if you want to make your males completely vegan, you need to be very dedicated and vigilant when it comes to maintaining their urinary tract health.

NEVER feed a male a strictly kibble diet. Most vegan male cats will do best on NO kibble whatsoever (we recommend making them meals using Vegecat pH ideally).

Have their urine pH checked by a veterinarian, as outlined above, not just once but periodically. If the pH is over 6.5, or if crystals are detected in the urine, you may need to introduce a methionine supplement into the diet (we sell a vegan version, but you will need to get a dosage prescribed by your vet) and then get another pH reading done to make sure the supplement has been effective.

Dice que las hembras casi sin restricción, y los machos casi al 100%, pero que en algunos casos hay que vigilar el tema de pH de cerca. De aquella no existía el suplemento para correción de pH que hoy ya existe y elimina este problema.




Por cierto, lo que toda la comunidad veterinaria dice es que es no sólo no adecuado, sino nefasto y más que peligroso conducente a enfermedad y muerte es el pienso basado en pescado, y encima no procesado térmicamente y con un 40% de proteína.

[Mad doctor]

En el paper ya varias veces puesto en este foro, donde los gatos se estudiaron por más de un año, se analizó entre otros elementos la taurina.

Evaluation of cats fed vegetarian diets and attitudes of their caregivers


Lorelei A. Wakefield, VMD; Frances S. Shofer, PhD; Kathryn E. Michel, DVM, DACVN
Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6010. (Wakefield, Shofer, Michel)
Supported by a Veterinary Student Summer Research Grant from the Nestlé Purina PetCare Company, St Louis, Mo.
Dr. Michel is a member the Nestlé Purina Nutritional Advisory Council.
Presented in part at the 2004 Nestlé Purina Nutrition Forum, St Louis, Mo, October 2004 and the 2005 American Academy of Veterinary Nutrition Symposium, Baltimore, June 2005.

Recalcó que se presentó en el Nestlé Purina Nutrition Forum y en el American Academy of Veterinary Nutrition Symposium, no en un blog, ni en una página web.

Respecto a la taurina dice:

In light of the study by Gray et
al,1 it was surprising that no cats had concurrent low
plasma and blood taurine concentrations.

A la luz del estudio de Gray y cols., fue sorprendente observar que ningún gato tenía concentraciones de taurina plasmáticas o sanguíneas bajas.

Vamos que esto ya está demostrado, sólo falta el análisis del gato de un forero, para que sea más cercano, pero no más científico afirmar, que el pienso vegetariano no provoca deficiencia de taurin.

[mesmer]

Esta info no debe pasarse por alto, si alguién quiere que no se lea ya está demostrando lo que le importan los gatos.

El off-topic de lo de los perros, etc., etc., etc........ sobra.

Bueno pues aquí va material de veganos hablando de alimentación vegana para gatos.

En la FAQ de Vegan-Cats.

Después de explicar que ellos no son veterinarios, que son minoristas de productos veganos, que no dan asesoramiento médico, y que la dieta de tu gato debe seguírtela un veterinario, dicen lo siguiente:

Que han decidio cambiar sus consejos en dieta vegana para los gatos, y pasar a recomendar que coman carne.

Que los gatos sufren mucho del sistema urinario con una dieta vegana y que ellos no recomiendan el veganismo completo más que para algunas gatas. De tal manera que aconsejan que “minimizando el consumo de animales” y para que tu gato esté bien de salud no le des vegano más de un 25% a un 75% de su dieta en machos,
y en las hembras puedes llegar entre un 50% a un 100%
aportándoles de carne el resto.

Siguen diciendo que hay que preocuparse por los otros animales, así que disminuimos la cuota de consumo, pero que también hay que pensar en la salud de los gatos.

Reducimos pero no anulamos la dependencia de productos cárnicos en los gatos.

Insiste otra vez en que el riesgo es mucho mayor para gatos machos, y que cualquier gato que haya tenido problemas urinarios no podrá ser devuelto a una dieta vegana 100%, necesitando entre la mitad y tres cuartas partes de carne, para asegurar su salud.

Después te avisa de que si te empeñas en seguir una dieta 100% vegana para tu gato macho que tengas mucho cuidado con este asunto del control del PH urinario, que debe seguirte un veterinario, y que debes saber que un control puede costarte 20 o 30 dólares, pero que si el animal llega a necesitar hospitalización la cosa puede irse a 1000 dólares y no garantiza la total recuperación, de lo cual ellos ya te avisan que tú eres el único responsable.

Los porcentajes de carne a que se refieren son muy superiores a los de la mayoría de croquetas cárnicas y similares a los de las holísticas.

Él o la que quiera puede leer el texto completo en:

http://www.vegancats.com/pages/1007/FAQ.htm


Liebreblanca, espero que te lo leas también porque no me parece un asunto para bromas ni para inventar bulos como el del bisonte, o el de equiparar el problema de los gatos con el de los veganos humanos. Es triste que hagas eso.

[Dreidel]

Esta información es muy importante que se destaque:

En el paper ya varias veces puesto en este foro, donde los gatos se estudiaron por más de un año, se analizó entre otros elementos la taurina.

Evaluation of cats fed vegetarian diets and attitudes of their caregivers


Lorelei A. Wakefield, VMD; Frances S. Shofer, PhD; Kathryn E. Michel, DVM, DACVN
Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6010. (Wakefield, Shofer, Michel)
Supported by a Veterinary Student Summer Research Grant from the Nestlé Purina PetCare Company, St Louis, Mo.
Dr. Michel is a member the Nestlé Purina Nutritional Advisory Council.
Presented in part at the 2004 Nestlé Purina Nutrition Forum, St Louis, Mo, October 2004 and the 2005 American Academy of Veterinary Nutrition Symposium, Baltimore, June 2005.

Recalcó que se presentó en el Nestlé Purina Nutrition Forum y en el American Academy of Veterinary Nutrition Symposium, no en un blog, ni en una página web.

Respecto a la taurina dice:



A la luz del estudio de Gray y cols., fue sorprendente observar que ningún gato tenía concentraciones de taurina plasmáticas o sanguíneas bajas.

Vamos que esto ya está demostrado, sólo falta el análisis del gato de un forero, para que sea más cercano, pero no más científico afirmar, que el pienso vegetariano no provoca deficiencia de taurin.