Nativos vegetarianos de Mexico: cambio de dieta y consecuencias
Dietary factors related to the increase of cardiovascular risk factors in traditional Tepehuanos communities from Mexico. A 10 year follow-up study.
Rodríguez-Morán M, Guerrero-Romero F, Rascón-Pacheco RA; for the Multidisciplinary Research Group on Diabetes of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social.
Mexican Social Security Institute, Biomedical Research Unit, Siqueiros 225 esq/Castaneda, 34000 Durango, Dgo., Mexico.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Tepehuanos Indians, a traditional Mexican ethnic group, followed a vegetarian diet exhibiting a low prevalence of obesity and the absence of diabetes. However, from the year 2000 the traditional diet of the Tepehuanos was modified by the introduction of western food. In this study we examine the changes in their customary diet and its impact on the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in this group. METHODS AND RESULTS: Individuals from 12 Tepehuanos communities were randomly enrolled during 1995-1996 and 2006-2007. Using a 64-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire macronutrient intakes were calculated from values of Mexican food-composition tables. Cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia were determined. The median (25, 75 percentile) of total caloric intake (1476 [1083, 1842]-2100 [1366, 2680]kcal/day, p<0.001) as well as the percentage of energy consumed from saturated fat (3.0 [2.7,4.1]-7.2 [3.9,7.4], p<0.0001) and protein (8.2 [7.8,8.9]-16.8 [16.3,17.1], p<0.0001) increased, whereas the percentage of total calorie intake from carbohydrates (66.4 [61.3,69.5]-61.3 [61,68.8], p<0.0001), polyunsaturated fat (11.2 [10.3,12.1]-4.0 [3.9,4.3], p<0.0001), and the polyunsaturated:saturated fat ratio (3.84-0.53%, p<0.0001) decreased during the period of study. The prevalence of obesity (11.1-21.9%, p=0.04), impaired fasting glucose (5.9-14.9%, p=0.04), diabetes (0.0-0.88%, p=0.48), hypertension (1.7-3.4%, p=0.43), triglycerides (2.6-16.7%, p=0.0006), and low HDL-cholesterol (10.2-71.1%, p<0.0001) increased. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in the customary diet introduced in the Tepehuanos communities are related to the increase of cardiovascular risk factors.
Explicacion de abstract:
En este estudio, se comparó ciertos indicadores clinicos asociados a enfermedades cardiovasculares , de un pueblo de indigenas mexicanos , caracterizados hasta el año 2000 por tener una dieta vegetariana.
Este pueblo se caracterizaba hasta ese año en no haber gente diabética y tener un bajo porcentaje de obesidad. Todo esto cambio con el cambio de dieta.
A partir del años 2000 comenzaron a ser influenciados y comenzó un proceso de cambio en la dieta natural que tenian, por una dieta tipo occidental - omnivora.
Los resultados que obtuvieron, comporando los indicadores antes del cambio de dieta y despues de 10 años de dieta omnivora, son un aumento de porcentajes de obesidad, aumento de resistencia a la glucosa , aumento de gente con diabetes, aumento en porcentajes de hipertension, aumento de LDL, y disminucion de HDL, aumento de trigliceridos.
Por lo tanto, el paso de una dieta vegetariana a una dieta omnivora generó un daño estadísticamente comprobable
