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Ver la versión completa : Las dietas veganas son más saludables para el planeta y las personas



Mad doctor
29-mar-2009, 08:54
Estudio de la Universidad de Chicago de 2002: Las dietas veganas son más saludables para el planeta y las personas, que las dietas que incluyen carne.


Study: vegan diets healthier for planet, people than meat diets
University of Chicago News Office
5801 South Ellis Avenue - Room 200
Chicago, Illinois 60637-1473

The food that people eat is just as important as what kind of cars they drive when it comes to creating the greenhouse-gas emissions that many scientists have linked to global warming, according to a report accepted for publication in the April issue of the journal Earth Interactions.

Both the burning of fossil fuels during food production and non-carbon dioxide emissions associated with livestock and animal waste contribute to the problem, the University of Chicago’s Gidon Eshel and Pamela Martin wrote in the report.

The average American diet requires the production of an extra ton and a half of carbon dioxide-equivalent, in the form of actual carbon dioxide as well as methane and other greenhouse gases compared to a strictly vegetarian diet, according to Eshel and Martin. And with Earth Day approaching on April 22, cutting down on just a few eggs or hamburgers each week is an easy way to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions, they said.

“We neither make a value judgment nor do we make a categorical statement,” said Eshel, an Assistant Professor in Geophysical Sciences. “We say that however close you can be to a vegan diet and further from the mean American diet, the better you are for the planet. It doesn’t have to be all the way to the extreme end of vegan. If you simply cut down from two burgers a week to one, you’ve already made a substantial difference.”

The average American drives 8,322 miles by car annually, emitting 1.9 to 4.7 tons of carbon dioxide, depending on the vehicle model and fuel efficiency. Meanwhile, Americans also consume an average of 3,774 calories of food each day.

In 2002, energy used for food production accounted for 17 percent of all fossil fuel use in the United States. And the burning of these fossil fuels emitted three-quarters of a ton of carbon dioxide per person.

That alone amounts to approximately one-third the average greenhouse-gas emissions of personal transportation. But livestock production and associated animal waste also emit greenhouse gases not associated with fossil-fuel combustion, primarily methane and nitrous oxide.
“An example would be manure lagoons that are associated with large-scale pork production,” Eshel said. “Those emit a lot of nitrous oxide into the atmosphere.”

While methane and nitrous oxide are relatively rare compared with carbon dioxide, they are — molecule for molecule — far more powerful greenhouse gases than carbon dioxide. A single pound of methane, for example, has the same greenhouse effect as approximately 50 pounds of carbon dioxide.

In their study, Eshel and Martin compared the energy consumption and greenhouse-gas emissions that underlie five diets: average American, red meat, fish, poultry and vegetarian (including eggs and dairy), all equaling 3,774 calories per day.

The vegetarian diet turned out to be the most energy-efficient, followed by poultry and the average American diet. Fish and red meat virtually tied as the least efficient.

The impact of producing fish came as the study’s biggest surprise to Martin, an Assistant Professor in Geophysical Sciences. “Fish can be from one extreme to the other,” Martin said. Sardines and anchovies flourish near coastal areas and can be harvested with minimal energy expenditure. But swordfish and other large predatory species required energy-intensive long-distance voyages.

Martin and Eshel’s research indicated that plant-based diets are healthier for people as well as for the planet.

“The adverse effects of dietary animal fat intake on cardiovascular diseases is by now well established. Similar effects are also seen when meat, rather than fat, intake is considered,” Martin and Eshel wrote. “To our knowledge, there is currently no credible evidence that plant-based diets actually undermine health; the balance of available evidence suggests that plant-based diets are at the very least just as safe as mixed ones, and most likely safer.”

In their next phase of research, Eshel and Martin will examine the energy expenditures associated with small organic farms, to see if they offer a healthier planetary alternative to large agribusiness companies. Such farms typically provide the vegetables sufficient to support 200 to 300 families on plots of five to 10 acres.

“We’re starting to investigate whether you can downscale food production and be efficient that way,” Martin said.

Images:

http://www-news.uchicago.edu/releases/06/images/060413.diet1-200.jpg
Pamela Martin and Gidon Eshel, Assistant Professors in Geophysical Sciences at the University of Chicago, enjoy a planet-friendly salad lunch. Their research shows that the food people eat is just as important as what kind of cars they drive when it comes to creating the greenhouse-gas emissions that many scientists have linked to global warming.

http://www-news.uchicago.edu/releases/06/images/060413.diet2-200.jpg
Gidon Eshel and Pamela Martin, Assistant Professors in Geophysical Sciences at the University of Chicago, prepare a planet-friendly salad lunch. Their study on diet, energy and global warming has been accepted for publication in the journal Earth Interactions.

http://www-news.uchicago.edu/releases/06/060413.diet.shtml

Citaciones en los medios de comunicación de este artículo:
http://www-news.uchicago.edu/citations/06/060427.veggie-disc.html
(Discovery Channel)

Mad doctor
29-mar-2009, 09:03
Podéis ver muchos enlaces a estudios realizados por universidades y noticias en medios de gran prestigo en www.futurefood.org (traduciéndose al castellano)


Meatrix – a superb cartoon about industrialised meat production
FAO-Report 2006 - disastrous effect of livestock on environment
and further FAO
FAO detailed Report: Livestock’s long shadow (PDF)
University of Chicago: vegan diets healthier for planet and people
WorldWatch, livestock as biggest threat for environment
UN report on the sea (fishery, ...)
Dutch PROFETAS-Projekt on environment


Less meat could cut climate costs by $20 trillion (!!!) until 2050 (New Scientist)
Ecological Consequences of Meat Consumption
Environmental vegetarianism (Wikipedia)
British government recommends less animal products
The BigMac is more relevant for climate-change than the BMW
Cows, pigs and sheep: Environment's greatest threats? (New Scientist)
Rethinking the Meat-Guzzler (New York Times)
1 kg beef climate-relevant like driving a car 250 km
... 1 kg beef like 250 km car-drive ("Meat is murder on the environment")
MEATtheFACTS.org - meat vs. environment, world hunger and health

Traducción de los títulos:

Meatrix: Una magnífica viñeta sobre la producción de carne industrializada
Informe FAO de 2006: El efecto desastroso de la ganadería sobre el medio ambiente
y otras preguntas frecuentes
Informe FAO detallado: La alargada sombra de la ganadería (PDF)
Universidad de Chicago: las dietas veganas más saludables para el planeta y las personas
WorldWatch: La ganadería como la mayor amenaza para el medio ambiente
Informe de la ONU sobre el mar (la pesca, ...)
PROFETAS alemán: Proyecto sobre el medio ambiente


La reducción del consumo de carne podría recortar los costes climáticos en 20 billones de dólares (!!!) hasta 2050 (New Scientist)
Consecuencias ecológicas del consumo de carne
Vegetarianismo medioambiental (Wikipedia)
El gobierno británico recomienda consumir menos carne
La BigMac es más importante respecto al cambio climático que BMW
Vacas, ceros y ovejas: ¿Las mayores amenazas para el medio ambiente? (New Scientist)
Reformulando la carne: Tragón (New York Times)
Producir 1 kg de carne influye tanto sobre el clima como conducir 250 km
... 1 kg de carne igual que conducir 250 km en coche ("La carne el asesino del medio ambiente")
MEATtheFACTS.org: La carne contra el medio ambiente, la salud y el hambre en el mundo


Enlaces a estos artículos: http://www.futurefood.org/globalbenefits/environment_en.php