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sujal
18-ene-2009, 22:05
Vegetarian diets: what are the advantages?

Leitzmann C.
Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany. claus.leitzmann@ernaehrung.uni-giessen.de

A growing body of scientific evidence indicates that wholesome vegetarian diets offer distinct advantages compared to diets containing meat and other foods of animal origin. The benefits arise from lower intakes of saturated fat, cholesterol and animal protein as well as higher intakes of complex carbohydrates, dietary fiber, magnesium, folic acid, vitamin C and E, carotenoids and other phytochemicals. Since vegetarians consume widely divergent diets, a differentiation between various types of vegetarian diets is necessary. Indeed, many contradictions and misunderstandings concerning vegetarianism are due to scientific data from studies without this differentiation. In the past, vegetarian diets have been described as being deficient in several nutrients including protein, iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin B12 and A, n-3 fatty acids and iodine. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the observed deficiencies are usually due to poor meal planning. Well-balanced vegetarian diets are appropriate for all stages of the life cycle, including children, adolescents, pregnant and lactating women, the elderly and competitive athletes. In most cases, vegetarian diets are beneficial in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, renal disease and dementia, as well as diverticular disease, gallstones and rheumatoid arthritis. The reasons for choosing a vegetarian diet often go beyond health and well-being and include among others economical, ecological and social concerns. The influences of these aspects of vegetarian diets are the subject of the new field of nutritional ecology that is concerned with sustainable life styles and human development.

PMID: 15702597 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Traducción:

Una creciente base de datos basada en evidencias científicas indican que las dietas vegetarianas ofrecen distintas ventajas comparado con las dietas que contienen carne u otros productos de origen animal. Los beneficios se consiguen por el consumo bajo de grasas saturadas, colesterol y proteina animal , tanto como un aumento del consumo de carbohidratos complejos, fibra dietaria, magnesio, ácido fólico, vitamina C y E, carotenoides y otros fitoquímicos. Ya que los vegetarianos consumen dietas altamente variadas, una diferenciación entre diferentes tipos de dietas vegetarianas es necesario hacer. De hecho, muchas contradicciones y malos entendidos hay concernientes al vegetarianismo, debido a los datos obtenidos sin esta diferenciación (entre los difererntes tipos de vegetarianismos). En el pasado , las dietas vegetarianas fueron descriptas como deficientes en varios tipos de nutrientes , como las proteinas, hierro, cinc, calcio, vitamina B12, y vitamina A, ácidos grasos omega 3 y yodo. Numerosos estudios han demostrado que las deficiencias observadas ocurren usualmente debido a una mal planeamiento de la dieta. Dietas vegetarians bien balanceadas son apropiadas para todas las etapas de la vida, incluyendo niños, adolescentes, durante el embarazo y la lactancia, en edades avanzadas, y para atletas. En la mayoría de los casos, las dietas vegetarianas son beneficiosas en la prevención y tratamiento de ciertas enfermedades, como las enfermedades cardiovasculares, la hipertensión, diabetes, cáncer, osteoporosis, enfermedades renales, y demencia, así como diverticulos, cálculos biliares, y artritis reumatoidea. Las razones en la elección de una dieta vegetariana, normalmente van mas allá de razones de salud y bienestar, e incluyen razones económicas, ecológicas, y sociales. La influencia de estos aspectos de la dieta vegetariana es tema de un nuevo campo de la ecología nutricional , que está relacionado con un estilo de vida efectivo y el desarrollo humano.

sujal
22-ene-2009, 10:17
The contribution of vegetarian diets to health and disease: a paradigm shift?(2003)

Sabaté J.

Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.

Advances in nutrition research during the past few decades have changed scientists' understanding of the contribution of vegetarian diets to human health and disease. Diets largely based on plant foods, such as well-balanced vegetarian diets, could best prevent nutrient deficiencies as well as diet-related chronic diseases. However, restrictive or unbalanced vegetarian diets may lead to nutritional deficiencies, particularly in situations of high metabolic demand. If some vegetarian diets are healthier than diets largely based on animal products, this constitutes an important departure from previous views on dietary recommendations to prevent disease conditions. Based on different paradigms, 3 models are presented depicting the population health risks and benefits of vegetarian and meat-based diets. This series of models encapsulates the evolution of scientific understanding on the overall effects of these dietary patterns on human health. Recent scientific advances seem to have resulted in a paradigm shift: diets largely based on plant foods, such as well-balanced vegetarian diets, are viewed more as improving health than as causing disease, in contrast with meat-based diets.

Los últimos avances científicos parecen haber dado lugar a un cambio de paradigma: la dieta basada en gran medida en los alimentos vegetales, como las bien equilibradas dietas vegetarianas, son vistos más como una mejora de la salud que como causantes de enfermedad, en contraste con las dietas basadas en carnes.

PMID: 12936940 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12936940?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_Res

sujal
24-ene-2009, 13:59
Nutritional characteristics of middle-aged Japanese vegetarians.Nakamoto K, Watanabe S, Kudo H, Tanaka A. (2008)

Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Medicine, Kagawa Nutrition University, Japan.

AIM: Despite the possible overall health benefits of a vegetarian diet, research about the nutritional characteristics of Japanese vegetarians is small. Our objective was to investigate the nutritional characteristics of Japanese vegetarians compared with Japanese non-vegetarians.
METHODS: The dietary intake, anthropometric and biochemical status of 75 middle-aged Japanese vegetarians (JV, 20 men and 55 women) were compared with those of 50 age- and sex- matched middle-aged Japanese non-vegetarians (JNV, 32 men and 18 women) in a cross-sectional study.
RESULTS: JV men had significantly higher calcium, iron (p<0.001) and dietary fiber (p<0.01), and significantly lower vitamin B(12), cholesterol, animal fat intake and percentage of energy as animal protein (p<0.01) than JNV men. In addition, JV men had significantly lower body mass index (p<0.05), diastolic blood pressure (p<0.001), systolic blood pressure (p<0.01), aspartate transaminase, alanin transaminase (p<0.05) and serum triacylglyceride (p<0.001) than JNV men. JV women had significantly lower systolic pressure and serum triacylglyceride (p<0.05) than JNV women.
CONCLUSIONS: JV men and women had better nutritional characteristics than JNV men and women from the standpoint of lifestyle-related diseases.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18603818?ordinalpos=38&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsP anel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum

Conclusiones: Se observan en hombres y mujeres JV mejores características nutricionales que en hombres y mujeres JNV desde el punto de vista de las enfermedades relacionadas con el estilo de vida.